Furthermore, the study reveals that increasing the thermal storage mass leads to a considerable increase in efficiency. The results show that a substantial improvement in performance can be achieved by adopting a configuration based on an aspect ratio between 0.5 and 0.8 and fine-tuning the particle size for the specific shape of the container.
The working cycle considered for the modelling work is a 24 h long sinusoidal profile (12 h charge/12 h discharge) with a 10 MW peak power and a total energy storage requirement of 79.4 MWh th. A one-dimensional model that accounts for temperature-dependent properties of both, storage medium and heat transfer fluid, and self-discharge losses is used for performing the analyses. The paper discusses comprehensively the effects that particle size, aspect ratio and storage mass have on the exergy losses of the store throughout a complete working-cycle and seeks to provide a clear reference of what is an adequate range of aspect ratios to consider for the design of a grid-scale packed bed. The optimization of a packed bed for utility-scale applications is presented herein.
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